{ "dataset": { "name": "ThonRetire Retirement Destination Dataset 2026", "version": "1.3", "year": 2026, "verified": "July 2026", "factsAsOf": "2026-07", "license": { "id": "CC-BY-4.0", "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" }, "citation": "Nguyễn Thành Dân (2026). ThonRetire Retirement Destination Dataset 2026, v1.3. Verified July 2026. https://thonretire.com/data — CC-BY-4.0", "landingPage": "https://thonretire.com/data", "files": [ { "file": "thonretire-2026-countries.csv", "url": "https://thonretire.com/data/thonretire-2026-countries.csv", "mediaType": "text/csv", "rows": 17, "describes": "One row per destination, wide. Convenience view — no per-field provenance." }, { "file": "thonretire-2026-facts.csv", "url": "https://thonretire.com/data/thonretire-2026-facts.csv", "mediaType": "text/csv", "rows": 391, "describes": "One row per public fact, with its own verification date, freshness status, confidence and primary source link." }, { "file": "thonretire-2026-cities.csv", "url": "https://thonretire.com/data/thonretire-2026-cities.csv", "mediaType": "text/csv", "rows": 62, "describes": "One row per city, including the gap between city cost and the country-level headline figure." }, { "file": "thonretire-2026.json", "url": "https://thonretire.com/data/thonretire-2026.json", "mediaType": "application/json", "rows": null, "describes": "Everything above in one file, with the field dictionary and this licence embedded." } ] }, "fields": [ { "key": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "unit": "/100" }, { "key": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": null }, { "key": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": null }, { "key": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": null }, { "key": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": null }, { "key": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": null }, { "key": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "unit": "years" }, { "key": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "unit": null }, { "key": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "unit": "%" }, { "key": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "unit": null }, { "key": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "unit": null }, { "key": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "unit": null }, { "key": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "unit": null }, { "key": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "unit": null }, { "key": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "unit": null }, { "key": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "unit": null }, { "key": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "unit": "USD/mo" }, { "key": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "unit": "/10" }, { "key": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "unit": "/10" }, { "key": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "unit": "hours" }, { "key": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "unit": null }, { "key": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "unit": null }, { "key": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "unit": null } ], "countries": [ { "slug": "panama", "country": "Panama", "region": "Central America", "score": "87", "visa": "Pensionado", "minAge": "18 — pension-based", "inc": "$1,000/mo pension", "procTime": "3–6 months", "pr": "Immediate", "citPath": "5 yrs (3 if married to Panamanian)", "taxResDays": "183 days", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% on foreign assets", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "0–0.7% · first $120k exempt", "prop": "Yes — freehold", "deposit": "None", "heirship": "None — free testation", "setupCost": "~$3–6k legal + fees", "costUsd": "2100", "health": "7.8", "safety": "7", "fly": "30", "insReq": "No — health cert only", "renew": "Permanent — visit 1×/2 yrs", "deps": "Yes — +$250/mo pension each" }, { "slug": "malaysia", "country": "Malaysia", "region": "Southeast Asia", "score": "82", "visa": "MM2H (Silver)", "minAge": "25+ (Silver tier)", "inc": "US$150k FD + RM600k home", "procTime": "1–3 mo (≤6 end-to-end)", "pr": "No PR route", "citPath": "10–12 yrs; rarely granted", "taxResDays": "182 days", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% foreign gains (individuals)", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "Low — ~US$200–700/yr", "prop": "Yes — RM600k buy mandatory", "deposit": "US$150k FD — 50% out yr 2", "heirship": "None (non-Muslims)", "setupCost": "~US$11–14k (agent + gov)", "costUsd": "1900", "health": "8.7", "safety": "7.5", "fly": "8", "insReq": "Yes — private medical", "renew": "5-yr pass — easy", "deps": "Spouse, kids <34, parents" }, { "slug": "thailand", "country": "Thailand", "region": "Southeast Asia", "score": "84", "visa": "LTR / Retirement O-A", "minAge": "50+ (LTR-WP & O-A)", "inc": "$80k/yr or 800k THB", "procTime": "LTR ~1–2 mo; O-A 2–4 wks", "pr": "Difficult", "citPath": "5 yrs PR then naturalise — very rare", "taxResDays": "180 days", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "Taxed if remitted; LTR-WP exempt", "inherit": "5–10% above 100M THB", "propTax": "Low — ~0.02–0.3% building tax", "prop": "Condo only (no land)", "deposit": "O-A 800k THB; LTR none", "heirship": "None with a will", "setupCost": "O-A ~US$1–2k; LTR 50k THB fee", "costUsd": "1800", "health": "8.2", "safety": "6.8", "fly": "9", "insReq": "O-A: 3M THB; LTR: $50k policy", "renew": "O-A yearly + 90-day reports; LTR 5+5", "deps": "LTR: spouse + kids <20" }, { "slug": "cyprus", "country": "Cyprus", "region": "Mediterranean", "score": "78", "visa": "Category F / Non-dom", "minAge": "None — income-based", "inc": "~€9.6k/yr + €4.6k/dep", "procTime": "Backlog ~5–7 yrs (2026)", "pr": "On grant — long queue", "citPath": "7 of last 10 yrs", "taxResDays": "183 days (or 60-day rule)", "tax": "0–5%", "cgt": "0% foreign; 20% CY property only", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "Abolished 2017; minor local fees", "prop": "Yes", "deposit": "Income proof + €15–20k in bank", "heirship": "Forced heirship; opt out via EU650 will", "setupCost": "~€3–7k (€500 gov + legal)", "costUsd": "2200", "health": "8", "safety": "8.3", "fly": "22", "insReq": "Yes", "renew": "None — permanent card", "deps": "Spouse + minors, +€4.6k/yr each" }, { "slug": "portugal", "country": "Portugal", "region": "Western Europe", "score": "74", "visa": "D7 (Passive Income)", "minAge": "None (18+)", "inc": "€920/mo (~$1,000)", "procTime": "~60d visa; 6–9 mo to card", "pr": "5 yrs", "citPath": "10 yrs (2026 reform — was 5)", "taxResDays": "183 days or habitual home", "tax": "13–48%", "cgt": "28% shares — worldwide gains", "inherit": "No inheritance tax (10% stamp exempt for kin)", "propTax": "IMI 0.3–0.45% + AIMI >€600k", "prop": "Yes", "deposit": "~€11k (12-mo income) in PT bank", "heirship": "Forced heirship; will can elect AU law", "setupCost": "~€2–5k legal + fees", "costUsd": "2600", "health": "9", "safety": "8.5", "fly": "24", "insReq": "Yes", "renew": "2 yrs then 3 — AIMA backlogs", "deps": "Yes — +50% spouse income" }, { "slug": "malta", "country": "Malta", "region": "Mediterranean", "score": "80", "visa": "Malta Retirement Prog.", "minAge": "55 (MRP)", "inc": "Pension ≥75% of income", "procTime": "~3–4 months", "pr": "5 yrs", "citPath": "~7 yrs — discretionary", "taxResDays": "183 days or ordinary residence", "tax": "15%", "cgt": "0% foreign gains even if remitted", "inherit": "No inheritance tax (5% stamp)", "propTax": "None annual; 5% duty on purchase", "prop": "Yes (AIP permit in areas)", "deposit": "Buy €275k / rent €9.6k+", "heirship": "Forced heirship; elect AU law (EU650)", "setupCost": "~€6–10k (€2.5k fee + legal)", "costUsd": "2600", "health": "8.8", "safety": "8.4", "fly": "24", "insReq": "Yes", "renew": "Annual compliance — routine", "deps": "Spouse + deps, +€500 tax each" }, { "slug": "costa-rica", "country": "Costa Rica", "region": "Central America", "score": "77", "visa": "Pensionado", "minAge": "18 — pension-based", "inc": "$1,000/mo pension", "procTime": "8–14 months (backlog)", "pr": "3 yrs", "citPath": "7 yrs residence", "taxResDays": "183 days (foreign income exempt)", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% on foreign assets", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "0.25%/yr + luxury home tax", "prop": "Yes — freehold", "deposit": "~$300+/person refundable", "heirship": "Mostly free; support duties", "setupCost": "~$1.5–3k legal + fees", "costUsd": "2000", "health": "7.8", "safety": "6.8", "fly": "34", "insReq": "Yes — CCSS enrolment", "renew": "2-yr renewals until PR", "deps": "Yes — spouse & kids included" }, { "slug": "greece", "country": "Greece", "region": "Mediterranean", "score": "81", "visa": "FIP Visa", "minAge": "None (18+)", "inc": "€3,500/mo or €126k", "procTime": "~10d visa; permit 2–4 mo", "pr": "5 yrs", "citPath": "7 yrs + Greek language exam", "taxResDays": "183 days or vital interests", "tax": "7%", "cgt": "7% under regime; else 15%", "inherit": "1–10% (low for close kin)", "propTax": "ENFIA — few hundred €/yr", "prop": "Yes", "deposit": "€3,500/mo income or €126k deposit", "heirship": "Forced heirship; will can elect AU law", "setupCost": "~€2–4k (€1k permit + legal)", "costUsd": "2200", "health": "7.9", "safety": "7.8", "fly": "25", "insReq": "Yes", "renew": "3-yr permit; needs 183 d/yr stay", "deps": "Yes — +20% spouse income" }, { "slug": "mexico", "country": "Mexico", "region": "North America", "score": "76", "visa": "Temporary Resident", "minAge": "None — income is the gate", "inc": "~$4,400/mo or ~$74k", "procTime": "~1–3 mo (consulate + INM canje)", "pr": "4 yrs", "citPath": "5 yrs + Spanish/history exam — feasible", "taxResDays": "183 days or centre of vital interests", "tax": "1.92–35%", "cgt": "Foreign gains as ordinary income, to 35%", "inherit": "No federal inheritance tax", "propTax": "Predial ~0.1–0.3% — $300–800/yr", "prop": "Coast/border via trust", "deposit": "None — income/savings proof (12 mo held)", "heirship": "None — free testation; inheritances exempt", "setupCost": "~$600–1,500 incl. facilitator", "costUsd": "1700", "health": "7.5", "safety": "6", "fly": "18", "insReq": "No — not required for visa", "renew": "Yr-1 card then 3-yr; PR = no renewals", "deps": "Spouse via family unity; couple fee discount" }, { "slug": "mauritius", "country": "Mauritius", "region": "Indian Ocean", "score": "76", "visa": "Retired Non-Citizen", "minAge": "50", "inc": "$2,000/mo transfer", "procTime": "~4–8 wks via EDB", "pr": "5 yrs + $200k", "citPath": "5–7 yrs — rarely granted in practice", "taxResDays": "183 days (or 270 over 3 yrs)", "tax": "0–20%", "cgt": "None — no capital gains tax", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "None annual", "prop": "Approved schemes (min $375k)", "deposit": "No lump sum — transfer $2k/mo to local bank", "heirship": "FORCED heirship (French code) on MU assets", "setupCost": "~$2–3.5k incl. agent", "costUsd": "2000", "health": "7", "safety": "7.4", "fly": "12", "insReq": "No — medical certificate only", "renew": "10-yr permit; annual proof of $24k transfers", "deps": "Spouse + dependent children included" }, { "slug": "philippines", "country": "Philippines", "region": "Southeast Asia", "score": "83", "visa": "SRRV Classic", "minAge": "40 (since 2025; 50+ pays less)", "inc": "$15k dep. (50+, pension)", "procTime": "~30–45 working days (PRA)", "pr": "Permanent", "citPath": "10 yrs; must renounce AU — impractical", "taxResDays": "Irrelevant — source-based system", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% on foreign assets", "inherit": "Estate tax 6%", "propTax": "RPT ≈0.2–0.5% of market value", "prop": "Condo only (no land)", "deposit": "$15k (50+, pension ≥$800/mo) or $30k without", "heirship": "AU law governs your succession; estate tax 6%", "setupCost": "~$2.5–4k + deposit", "costUsd": "1500", "health": "6.8", "safety": "6", "fly": "8", "insReq": "Yes — health policy required for SRRV", "renew": "None — annual $360 PRA fee; 2-yr ID cycle", "deps": "Spouse + 2 deps in annual fee; $300 each" }, { "slug": "italy", "country": "Italy", "region": "Western Europe", "score": "80", "visa": "Elective Residence", "minAge": "None — passive income is the gate", "inc": "~€31k/yr passive", "procTime": "2–4 mo — discretionary consulate", "pr": "5 yrs", "citPath": "10 yrs + B1 Italian — slow but real", "taxResDays": "183 days or registered residence", "tax": "7%", "cgt": "26% standard; 7% under flat regime", "inherit": "4–8% + forced heirship", "propTax": "IMU ~0.46–1.06% (primary non-luxury home exempt)", "prop": "Yes", "deposit": "None — income/savings proof only", "heirship": "Forced heirship — but AU law electable by will (Brussels IV)", "setupCost": "~$2.5–6k incl. lawyer", "costUsd": "2400", "health": "8.6", "safety": "7.9", "fly": "24", "insReq": "Yes — private cover ≥€30k/yr for visa", "renew": "Annual permesso early yrs — questura queues", "deps": "Spouse OK — couple bar ~€38k/yr" }, { "slug": "spain", "country": "Spain", "region": "Western Europe", "score": "75", "visa": "Non-Lucrative", "minAge": "None", "inc": "€2,400/mo (IPREM ×4)", "procTime": "1–3 mo at consulate", "pr": "5 yrs", "citPath": "10 yrs + tests; must renounce AU citizenship", "taxResDays": "183 days (or spouse/economic centre)", "tax": "19–47%", "cgt": "19–30% on foreign gains (30% above €300k)", "inherit": "Regional + forced heirship", "propTax": "IBI ~0.4–1.1% of low cadastral value", "prop": "Yes", "deposit": "None — €28,800 in bank acceptable", "heirship": "Forced heirship — but AU law electable by will (Brussels IV)", "setupCost": "~$1.5–4k incl. lawyer", "costUsd": "2500", "health": "9", "safety": "8.2", "fly": "24", "insReq": "Yes — full private policy, no copays", "renew": "1+2+2 yrs; renewal proves >183 days → tax resident", "deps": "Yes — +€7,200/yr per dependent" }, { "slug": "uruguay", "country": "Uruguay", "region": "South America", "score": "84", "visa": "Rentista / Pensionado", "minAge": "None", "inc": "~$1,500/mo", "procTime": "Legal stay from filing; grant ~4–12 mo", "pr": "Direct — <1 yr", "citPath": "3 yrs (family) / 5 yrs — very feasible, dual OK", "taxResDays": "183 days or vital interests", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% under holiday; 12% after (2026 law)", "inherit": "No IHT (3–4% ITP on real estate)", "propTax": "~0.25–1.2% of low cadastral value + school tax", "prop": "Yes — freehold", "deposit": "None — certified income via escribano", "heirship": "Forced heirship on UY-sited assets (no opt-out)", "setupCost": "~$2–4.5k incl. escribano", "costUsd": "2300", "health": "8", "safety": "7.6", "fly": "38", "insReq": "No — join mutualista/ASSE after arrival", "renew": "None — PR has no renewal; keep cédula current", "deps": "Yes — income expectation scales with family" }, { "slug": "dubai", "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "region": "Middle East", "score": "70", "visa": "Retirement Visa (55+)", "minAge": "55 (+ 15 yrs work history)", "inc": "AED 1M FD or 15k/mo", "procTime": "~2–4 wks (Dubai GDRFA)", "pr": "Golden Visa", "citPath": "None realistically — 30 yrs + invitation", "taxResDays": "183 days (or 90 + ties) for tax certificate", "tax": "0%", "cgt": "0% — no capital gains tax", "inherit": "None (register a DIFC will!)", "propTax": "None annual; 4% transfer fee; 5% housing fee on rent", "prop": "Freehold zones only", "deposit": "AED 1M in 3-yr fixed deposit (one route)", "heirship": "Sharia default — register DIFC will (~AED 10k)", "setupCost": "~$2.5–4k incl. fees + insurance", "costUsd": "3500", "health": "8.5", "safety": "8.8", "fly": "14", "insReq": "Yes — mandatory for issue & renewal", "renew": "5-yr; lapses if >6 mo abroad (Golden exempt)", "deps": "Spouse + children sponsorable" }, { "slug": "bali", "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "region": "Southeast Asia", "score": "76", "visa": "E33F Retirement KITAS", "minAge": "60 for E33F (2026; was 55 — verify)", "inc": "$3k/mo pension (60+)", "procTime": "E33F e-visa ~2–6 wks offshore", "pr": "KITAP 3–4 yrs", "citPath": "5+ yrs, Bahasa, renounce — rarely pursued", "taxResDays": ">183 days/12 mo (or intent to reside)", "tax": "5–35%", "cgt": "As ordinary income to 35% — enforcement patchy", "inherit": "No inheritance tax", "propTax": "PBB ~0.1–0.3% — low", "prop": "No freehold (leasehold)", "deposit": "E33F none; Second Home IDR 2B (~$130k)", "heirship": "Civil-code reserved shares — make a local notarial will", "setupCost": "E33F ~$0.8–1.5k/yr all-in with agent", "costUsd": "1700", "health": "6.5", "safety": "6.5", "fly": "6", "insReq": "Yes — min IDR 25M/yr cover", "renew": "Annual up to 5 yrs + address reporting", "deps": "Spouse via E31 dependent KITAS, extra cost" }, { "slug": "vietnam", "country": "Vietnam", "region": "Southeast Asia", "score": "60", "visa": "No dedicated retiree visa", "minAge": "— no retiree visa exists (Jul 2026)", "inc": "90-day e-visa cycles", "procTime": "90-day e-visa: 3–5 working days", "pr": "Near-unattainable", "citPath": "5 yrs on paper; renounce (2025 exceptions) — rare", "taxResDays": "183 days — or leasing a home ≥183 days deems resident", "tax": "Under review — the circular that exempted foreign pensions was repealed", "cgt": "0.1% of proceeds (securities) / 20% other gains", "inherit": "PIT 10% on some transfers", "propTax": "None annual — tiny land-use levy", "prop": "Apartment 50-yr (no land)", "deposit": "None; investor TRC needs ≥VND 3B (~$115k) real business", "heirship": "Will OK but spouse/minors/parents keep 2/3 statutory floor", "setupCost": "E-visa ~$300–600/yr + border runs", "costUsd": "1400", "health": "6.3", "safety": "7.5", "fly": "8", "insReq": "No — none for e-visa", "renew": "Perpetual 90-day cycles + border runs — the burden IS the system", "deps": "No scheme — each adult needs own visa" } ], "facts": [ { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2100", "value": 2100, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "30", "value": 30, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "7.8", "value": 7.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7", "value": 7, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "87", "value": 87, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Ingresos (DGI/MEF), Panama", "source_url": "https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/DInforme/GD-ISR", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$1,000/mo pension", "value": 1000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Pensionado", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Immediate", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Ingresos (DGI/MEF), Panama", "source_url": "https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/DInforme/GD-ISR", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes — freehold", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "18 — pension-based", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Ingresos (DGI/MEF), Panama", "source_url": "https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/DInforme/GD-ISR", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs (3 if married to Panamanian)", "value": 5, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$3–6k legal + fees", "value": 3000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0–0.7% · first $120k exempt", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Ingresos (DGI/MEF), Panama", "source_url": "https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/DInforme/GD-ISR", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% on foreign assets", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Ingresos (DGI/MEF), Panama", "source_url": "https://dgi.mef.gob.pa/DInforme/GD-ISR", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "3–6 months", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — free testation", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No — health cert only", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Permanent — visit 1×/2 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — +$250/mo pension each", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio Nacional de Migración, Panama", "source_url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1900", "value": 1900, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "8", "value": 8, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8.7", "value": 8.7, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.5", "value": 7.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "82", "value": 82, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN/IRB), Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.hasil.gov.my/media/fzofh1gz/20240620-guidelines-tax-treatment-in-relation-to-income-received-from-abroad-amendment-june-2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "US$150k FD + RM600k home", "value": 150000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "MM2H (Silver)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "No PR route", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN/IRB), Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.hasil.gov.my/media/fzofh1gz/20240620-guidelines-tax-treatment-in-relation-to-income-received-from-abroad-amendment-june-2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes — RM600k buy mandatory", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "25+ (Silver tier)", "value": 25, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "182 days", "value": 182, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN/IRB), Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.hasil.gov.my/media/fzofh1gz/20240620-guidelines-tax-treatment-in-relation-to-income-received-from-abroad-amendment-june-2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "10–12 yrs; rarely granted", "value": 12, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "US$150k FD — 50% out yr 2", "value": 150000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~US$11–14k (agent + gov)", "value": 11000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Low — ~US$200–700/yr", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN/IRB), Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.hasil.gov.my/media/fzofh1gz/20240620-guidelines-tax-treatment-in-relation-to-income-received-from-abroad-amendment-june-2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% foreign gains (individuals)", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN/IRB), Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.hasil.gov.my/media/fzofh1gz/20240620-guidelines-tax-treatment-in-relation-to-income-received-from-abroad-amendment-june-2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "1–3 mo (≤6 end-to-end)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None (non-Muslims)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — private medical", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "5-yr pass — easy", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse, kids <34, parents", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "MM2H Centre, Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, Malaysia", "source_url": "https://www.mm2h.gov.my/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1800", "value": 1800, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "9", "value": 9, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8.2", "value": 8.2, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "6.8", "value": 6.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "84", "value": 84, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The Revenue Department, Thailand", "source_url": "https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/lorkhor/newspr/2024/FOREIGNERS_PAY_TAX2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$80k/yr or 800k THB", "value": 80000, "unit": "USD/yr", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "LTR / Retirement O-A", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Difficult", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "5–10% above 100M THB", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The Revenue Department, Thailand", "source_url": "https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/lorkhor/newspr/2024/FOREIGNERS_PAY_TAX2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Condo only (no land)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "50+ (LTR-WP & O-A)", "value": 50, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "180 days", "value": 180, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The Revenue Department, Thailand", "source_url": "https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/lorkhor/newspr/2024/FOREIGNERS_PAY_TAX2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs PR then naturalise — very rare", "value": 5, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "O-A 800k THB; LTR none", "value": 800000, "unit": "THB", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "O-A ~US$1–2k; LTR 50k THB fee", "value": 1000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Low — ~0.02–0.3% building tax", "value": 0.02, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The Revenue Department, Thailand", "source_url": "https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/lorkhor/newspr/2024/FOREIGNERS_PAY_TAX2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Taxed if remitted; LTR-WP exempt", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The Revenue Department, Thailand", "source_url": "https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/lorkhor/newspr/2024/FOREIGNERS_PAY_TAX2024.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "LTR ~1–2 mo; O-A 2–4 wks", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None with a will", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "O-A: 3M THB; LTR: $50k policy", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "O-A yearly + 90-day reports; LTR 5+5", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "LTR: spouse + kids <20", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Board of Investment (BOI), Thailand", "source_url": "https://ltr.boi.go.th/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2200", "value": 2200, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "22", "value": 22, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8", "value": 8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "8.3", "value": 8.3, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "78", "value": 78, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0–5%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/0/f2a5610ba4f4c586c2258549002d6e1c?OpenDocument=", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~€9.6k/yr + €4.6k/dep", "value": 9600, "unit": "EUR/yr", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Category F / Non-dom", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "On grant — long queue", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/0/f2a5610ba4f4c586c2258549002d6e1c?OpenDocument=", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None — income-based", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days (or 60-day rule)", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/0/f2a5610ba4f4c586c2258549002d6e1c?OpenDocument=", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "7 of last 10 yrs", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Income proof + €15–20k in bank", "value": 15000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~€3–7k (€500 gov + legal)", "value": 3000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Abolished 2017; minor local fees", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/0/f2a5610ba4f4c586c2258549002d6e1c?OpenDocument=", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% foreign; 20% CY property only", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://mof.gov.cy/mof/tax/taxdep.nsf/0/f2a5610ba4f4c586c2258549002d6e1c?OpenDocument=", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Backlog ~5–7 yrs (2026)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship; opt out via EU650 will", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "None — permanent card", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse + minors, +€4.6k/yr each", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Civil Registry and Migration Department, Ministry of Interior, Cyprus", "source_url": "https://www.moi.gov.cy/MOI/CRMD/crmd.nsf/All/9D72A377EC99B41CC22587D500443595?OpenDocument", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2600", "value": 2600, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "24", "value": 24, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "9", "value": 9, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "8.5", "value": 8.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "74", "value": 74, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "13–48%", "value": 13, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — Portal das Finanças, Portugal", "source_url": "https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/en/tax-information/Pages/default.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "€920/mo (~$1,000)", "value": 920, "unit": "EUR/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "D7 (Passive Income)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax (10% stamp exempt for kin)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — Portal das Finanças, Portugal", "source_url": "https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/en/tax-information/Pages/default.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None (18+)", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or habitual home", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — Portal das Finanças, Portugal", "source_url": "https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/en/tax-information/Pages/default.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "10 yrs (2026 reform — was 5)", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~€11k (12-mo income) in PT bank", "value": 11000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~€2–5k legal + fees", "value": 2000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "IMI 0.3–0.45% + AIMI >€600k", "value": 0.3, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — Portal das Finanças, Portugal", "source_url": "https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/en/tax-information/Pages/default.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "28% shares — worldwide gains", "value": 28, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — Portal das Finanças, Portugal", "source_url": "https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/en/tax-information/Pages/default.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~60d visa; 6–9 mo to card", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship; will can elect AU law", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "2 yrs then 3 — AIMA backlogs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — +50% spouse income", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo (AIMA), Portugal", "source_url": "https://aima.gov.pt/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2600", "value": 2600, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "24", "value": 24, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8.8", "value": 8.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "8.4", "value": 8.4, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "80", "value": 80, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "15%", "value": 15, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Commissioner for Revenue (CFR), Malta", "source_url": "https://cfr.gov.mt/en/individuals/Pages/Overseas-Pension.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Pension ≥75% of income", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Malta Retirement Prog.", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax (5% stamp)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Commissioner for Revenue (CFR), Malta", "source_url": "https://cfr.gov.mt/en/individuals/Pages/Overseas-Pension.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes (AIP permit in areas)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "55 (MRP)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or ordinary residence", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Commissioner for Revenue (CFR), Malta", "source_url": "https://cfr.gov.mt/en/individuals/Pages/Overseas-Pension.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~7 yrs — discretionary", "value": 7, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Buy €275k / rent €9.6k+", "value": 275000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~€6–10k (€2.5k fee + legal)", "value": 6000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None annual; 5% duty on purchase", "value": 5, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Commissioner for Revenue (CFR), Malta", "source_url": "https://cfr.gov.mt/en/individuals/Pages/Overseas-Pension.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% foreign gains even if remitted", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Commissioner for 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"country_slug": "malta", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Annual compliance — routine", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse + deps, +€500 tax each", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Residency Malta Agency, Malta", "source_url": "https://residencymalta.gov.mt/legal-framework-mprp-2/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2000", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "34", "value": 34, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "7.8", "value": 7.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "6.8", "value": 6.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "77", "value": 77, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "SINALEVI / Procuraduría General de la República, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=10969", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$1,000/mo pension", "value": 1000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Pensionado", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "3 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "SINALEVI / Procuraduría General de la República, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=10969", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes — freehold", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "18 — pension-based", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days (foreign income exempt)", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "SINALEVI / Procuraduría General de la República, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=10969", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "7 yrs residence", "value": 7, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$300+/person refundable", "value": 300, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$1.5–3k legal + fees", "value": 1500, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0.25%/yr + luxury home tax", "value": 0.25, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "SINALEVI / Procuraduría General de la República, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=10969", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% on foreign assets", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "SINALEVI / Procuraduría General de la República, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=10969", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "8–14 months (backlog)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Mostly free; support duties", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — CCSS enrolment", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "2-yr renewals until PR", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — spouse & kids included", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería, Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://migracion.go.cr/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2200", "value": 2200, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "25", "value": 25, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "7.9", "value": 7.9, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.8", "value": 7.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "81", "value": 81, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "7%", "value": 7, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE), Greece", "source_url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-incentives-order-attract-new-tax-residents", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "€3,500/mo or €126k", "value": 3500, "unit": "EUR/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "FIP Visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "1–10% (low for close kin)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE), Greece", "source_url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-incentives-order-attract-new-tax-residents", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None (18+)", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or vital interests", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE), Greece", "source_url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-incentives-order-attract-new-tax-residents", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "7 yrs + Greek language exam", "value": 7, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "€3,500/mo income or €126k deposit", "value": 3500, "unit": "EUR/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~€2–4k (€1k permit + legal)", "value": 2000, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "ENFIA — few hundred €/yr", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE), Greece", "source_url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-incentives-order-attract-new-tax-residents", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "7% under regime; else 15%", "value": 7, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE), Greece", "source_url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-incentives-order-attract-new-tax-residents", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~10d visa; permit 2–4 mo", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship; will can elect AU law", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "3-yr permit; needs 183 d/yr stay", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Greece", "country_slug": "greece", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — +20% spouse income", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Greece", "source_url": "https://migration.gov.gr/en/gas/aitoyntes-kai-dikaioychoi/adeies-diamonis/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1700", "value": 1700, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "18", "value": 18, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "7.5", "value": 7.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "6", "value": 6, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "76", "value": 76, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "1.92–35%", "value": 1.92, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.sat.gob.mx/portal/public/personas-fisicas/residentes-en-el-extranjero-sin-establecimiento", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~$4,400/mo or ~$74k", "value": 4400, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Temporary Resident", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "4 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No federal inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.sat.gob.mx/portal/public/personas-fisicas/residentes-en-el-extranjero-sin-establecimiento", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Coast/border via trust", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None — income is the gate", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or centre of vital interests", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.sat.gob.mx/portal/public/personas-fisicas/residentes-en-el-extranjero-sin-establecimiento", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs + Spanish/history exam — feasible", "value": 5, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — income/savings proof (12 mo held)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$600–1,500 incl. facilitator", "value": 600, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Predial ~0.1–0.3% — $300–800/yr", "value": 0.1, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.sat.gob.mx/portal/public/personas-fisicas/residentes-en-el-extranjero-sin-establecimiento", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Foreign gains as ordinary income, to 35%", "value": 35, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.sat.gob.mx/portal/public/personas-fisicas/residentes-en-el-extranjero-sin-establecimiento", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~1–3 mo (consulate + INM canje)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — free testation; inheritances exempt", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No — not required for visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yr-1 card then 3-yr; PR = no renewals", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mexico", "country_slug": "mexico", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse via family unity; couple fee discount", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores / INM, Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.gob.mx/tramites/ficha/visa-de-residencia-temporal/SRE260", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2000", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "12", "value": 12, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "7", "value": 7, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.4", "value": 7.4, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "76", "value": 76, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0–20%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://www.mra.mu/individuals/foreign-income", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$2,000/mo transfer", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Retired Non-Citizen", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs + $200k", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://www.mra.mu/individuals/foreign-income", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Approved schemes (min $375k)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "50", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days (or 270 over 3 yrs)", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://www.mra.mu/individuals/foreign-income", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5–7 yrs — rarely granted in practice", "value": 7, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "No lump sum — transfer $2k/mo to local bank", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$2–3.5k incl. agent", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None annual", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://www.mra.mu/individuals/foreign-income", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None — no capital gains tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://www.mra.mu/individuals/foreign-income", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~4–8 wks via EDB", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "FORCED heirship (French code) on MU assets", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No — medical certificate only", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "10-yr permit; annual proof of $24k transfers", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Mauritius", "country_slug": "mauritius", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse + dependent children included", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Economic Development Board (EDB), Mauritius", "source_url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-silver-economy/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1500", "value": 1500, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "8", "value": 8, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "6.8", "value": 6.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "6", "value": 6, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "83", "value": 83, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippines", "source_url": "https://www.bir.gov.ph/taxationofforeignsourceincome", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$15k dep. (50+, pension)", "value": 15000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "SRRV Classic", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Permanent", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Estate tax 6%", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippines", "source_url": "https://www.bir.gov.ph/taxationofforeignsourceincome", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Condo only (no land)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "40 (since 2025; 50+ pays less)", "value": 50, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "Irrelevant — source-based system", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippines", "source_url": "https://www.bir.gov.ph/taxationofforeignsourceincome", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "10 yrs; must renounce AU — impractical", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "$15k (50+, pension ≥$800/mo) or $30k without", "value": 15000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$2.5–4k + deposit", "value": 2500, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "RPT ≈0.2–0.5% of market value", "value": 0.2, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippines", "source_url": "https://www.bir.gov.ph/taxationofforeignsourceincome", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% on foreign assets", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Philippines", "source_url": "https://www.bir.gov.ph/taxationofforeignsourceincome", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~30–45 working days (PRA)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "AU law governs your succession; estate tax 6%", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — health policy required for SRRV", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "None — annual $360 PRA fee; 2-yr ID cycle", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Philippines", "country_slug": "philippines", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse + 2 deps in annual fee; $300 each", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA), Philippines", "source_url": "https://pra.gov.ph/srrv/", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2400", "value": 2400, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "24", "value": 24, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8.6", "value": 8.6, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.9", "value": 7.9, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "80", "value": 80, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "7%", "value": 7, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agenzia delle Entrate, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/agevolazioni/regime-opzionale-per-i-pensionati-esteri-che-cose-cittadini", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~€31k/yr passive", "value": 31000, "unit": "EUR/yr", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Elective Residence", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "4–8% + forced heirship", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agenzia delle Entrate, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/agevolazioni/regime-opzionale-per-i-pensionati-esteri-che-cose-cittadini", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None — passive income is the gate", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or registered residence", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agenzia delle Entrate, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/agevolazioni/regime-opzionale-per-i-pensionati-esteri-che-cose-cittadini", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "10 yrs + B1 Italian — slow but real", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — income/savings proof only", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$2.5–6k incl. lawyer", "value": 2500, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "IMU ~0.46–1.06% (primary non-luxury home exempt)", "value": 0.46, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agenzia delle Entrate, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/agevolazioni/regime-opzionale-per-i-pensionati-esteri-che-cose-cittadini", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "26% standard; 7% under flat regime", "value": 26, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agenzia delle Entrate, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/schede/agevolazioni/regime-opzionale-per-i-pensionati-esteri-che-cose-cittadini", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "2–4 mo — discretionary consulate", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship — but AU law electable by will (Brussels IV)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — private cover ≥€30k/yr for visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Annual permesso early yrs — questura queues", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Italy", "country_slug": "italy", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse OK — couple bar ~€38k/yr", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Italy", "source_url": "https://www.esteri.it/mae/normative/dmae12.7.00.pdf", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2500", "value": 2500, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "24", "value": 24, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "9", "value": 9, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "8.2", "value": 8.2, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "75", "value": 75, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "19–47%", "value": 19, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agencia Tributaria (AEAT), Spain", "source_url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ciudadanos-familias-personas-discapacidad/residentes-rentas-procedentes-extranjero.html", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "€2,400/mo (IPREM ×4)", "value": 2400, "unit": "EUR/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Non-Lucrative", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "Regional + forced heirship", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Agencia Tributaria (AEAT), Spain", "source_url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ciudadanos-familias-personas-discapacidad/residentes-rentas-procedentes-extranjero.html", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days (or spouse/economic centre)", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agencia Tributaria (AEAT), Spain", "source_url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ciudadanos-familias-personas-discapacidad/residentes-rentas-procedentes-extranjero.html", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "10 yrs + tests; must renounce AU citizenship", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — €28,800 in bank acceptable", "value": 28800, "unit": "EUR", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$1.5–4k incl. lawyer", "value": 1500, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "IBI ~0.4–1.1% of low cadastral value", "value": 0.4, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agencia Tributaria (AEAT), Spain", "source_url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ciudadanos-familias-personas-discapacidad/residentes-rentas-procedentes-extranjero.html", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "19–30% on foreign gains (30% above €300k)", "value": 19, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Agencia Tributaria (AEAT), Spain", "source_url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ciudadanos-familias-personas-discapacidad/residentes-rentas-procedentes-extranjero.html", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "1–3 mo at consulate", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship — but AU law electable by will (Brussels IV)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — full private policy, no copays", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "1+2+2 yrs; renewal proves >183 days → tax resident", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Spain", "country_slug": "spain", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — +€7,200/yr per dependent", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones, Spain", "source_url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/migraciones/w/autorizacion-inicial-de-residencia-temporal-no-lucrativa", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "2300", "value": 2300, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "38", "value": 38, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8", "value": 8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.6", "value": 7.6, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "84", "value": 84, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/comunicacion/publicaciones/tax-holidays-opcion-para-nuevos-residentes-fiscales-uruguay", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~$1,500/mo", "value": 1500, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Rentista / Pensionado", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Direct — <1 yr", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No IHT (3–4% ITP on real estate)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/comunicacion/publicaciones/tax-holidays-opcion-para-nuevos-residentes-fiscales-uruguay", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Yes — freehold", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None", "value": 18, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days or vital interests", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/comunicacion/publicaciones/tax-holidays-opcion-para-nuevos-residentes-fiscales-uruguay", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "3 yrs (family) / 5 yrs — very feasible, dual OK", "value": 3, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None — certified income via escribano", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$2–4.5k incl. escribano", "value": 2000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "~0.25–1.2% of low cadastral value + school tax", "value": 0.25, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/comunicacion/publicaciones/tax-holidays-opcion-para-nuevos-residentes-fiscales-uruguay", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% under holiday; 12% after (2026 law)", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Dirección General Impositiva (DGI), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/comunicacion/publicaciones/tax-holidays-opcion-para-nuevos-residentes-fiscales-uruguay", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Legal stay from filing; grant ~4–12 mo", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Forced heirship on UY-sited assets (no opt-out)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No — join mutualista/ASSE after arrival", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "None — PR has no renewal; keep cédula current", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Uruguay", "country_slug": "uruguay", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — income expectation scales with family", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Dirección Nacional de Migración (gub.uy), Uruguay", "source_url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-permanente", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "3500", "value": 3500, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "14", "value": 14, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "8.5", "value": 8.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "8.8", "value": 8.8, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "70", "value": 70, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "0%", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Federal Tax Authority (FTA), United Arab Emirates", "source_url": "https://tax.gov.ae/en/taxes/corporate.tax/corporate.tax.topics/basis.of.taxation.natural.person.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "AED 1M FD or 15k/mo", "value": 1000000, "unit": "AED", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Retirement Visa (55+)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Golden Visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None (register a DIFC will!)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Federal Tax Authority (FTA), United Arab Emirates", "source_url": "https://tax.gov.ae/en/taxes/corporate.tax/corporate.tax.topics/basis.of.taxation.natural.person.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Freehold zones only", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "55 (+ 15 yrs work history)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days (or 90 + ties) for tax certificate", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Federal Tax Authority (FTA), United Arab Emirates", "source_url": "https://tax.gov.ae/en/taxes/corporate.tax/corporate.tax.topics/basis.of.taxation.natural.person.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "None realistically — 30 yrs + invitation", "value": null, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "AED 1M in 3-yr fixed deposit (one route)", "value": 1000000, "unit": "AED", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "~$2.5–4k incl. fees + insurance", "value": 2500, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None annual; 4% transfer fee; 5% housing fee on rent", "value": 4, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Federal Tax Authority (FTA), United Arab Emirates", "source_url": "https://tax.gov.ae/en/taxes/corporate.tax/corporate.tax.topics/basis.of.taxation.natural.person.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0% — no capital gains tax", "value": 0, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Federal Tax Authority (FTA), United Arab Emirates", "source_url": "https://tax.gov.ae/en/taxes/corporate.tax/corporate.tax.topics/basis.of.taxation.natural.person.aspx", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "~2–4 wks (Dubai GDRFA)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Sharia default — register DIFC will (~AED 10k)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — mandatory for issue & renewal", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "5-yr; lapses if >6 mo abroad (Golden exempt)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "UAE (Dubai)", "country_slug": "dubai", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse + children sponsorable", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "The United Arab Emirates' Government portal (u.ae)", "source_url": "https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-the-retired", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1700", "value": 1700, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "6", "value": 6, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "6.5", "value": 6.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "6.5", "value": 6.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "76", "value": 76, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "5–35%", "value": 5, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Indonesia", "source_url": "https://pajak.go.id/en/node/118835", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "$3k/mo pension (60+)", "value": 3000, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "E33F Retirement KITAS", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "KITAP 3–4 yrs", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "No inheritance tax", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Indonesia", "source_url": "https://pajak.go.id/en/node/118835", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "No freehold (leasehold)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "60 for E33F (2026; was 55 — verify)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": ">183 days/12 mo (or intent to reside)", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Indonesia", "source_url": "https://pajak.go.id/en/node/118835", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5+ yrs, Bahasa, renounce — rarely pursued", "value": 5, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "E33F none; Second Home IDR 2B (~$130k)", "value": 130000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "E33F ~$0.8–1.5k/yr all-in with agent", "value": 800, "unit": "USD/yr", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "PBB ~0.1–0.3% — low", "value": 0.1, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Indonesia", "source_url": "https://pajak.go.id/en/node/118835", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "As ordinary income to 35% — enforcement patchy", "value": 35, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP), Indonesia", "source_url": "https://pajak.go.id/en/node/118835", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "E33F e-visa ~2–6 wks offshore", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Civil-code reserved shares — make a local notarial will", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Yes — min IDR 25M/yr cover", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Annual up to 5 yrs + address reporting", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Indonesia (Bali)", "country_slug": "bali", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Spouse via E31 dependent KITAS, extra cost", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, Indonesia", "source_url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33F", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "costUsd", "label": "Cost of living", "group": "Living", "text": "1400", "value": 1400, "unit": "USD/mo", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "fly", "label": "Flight time from Australia", "group": "Logistics", "text": "8", "value": 8, "unit": "hours", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "health", "label": "Healthcare quality", "group": "Living", "text": "6.3", "value": 6.3, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "safety", "label": "Safety", "group": "Living", "text": "7.5", "value": 7.5, "unit": "/10", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "score", "label": "Thon best-fit score", "group": "Thon composite", "text": "60", "value": 60, "unit": "/100", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "high", "source_publisher": "Thon", "source_url": "https://thonretire.com/method", "source_kind": "thon" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "tax", "label": "Tax on foreign pension", "group": "Tax", "text": "Under review — the circular that exempted foreign pensions was repealed", "value": null, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-08", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 1, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National Assembly of Vietnam — Official Gazette, Government Office", "source_url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-109-2025-qh15-468671.htm", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "inc", "label": "Min income / assets", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "90-day e-visa cycles", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "visa", "label": "Retirement visa", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "No dedicated retiree visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "pr", "label": "Path to permanent residency", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "Near-unattainable", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "inherit", "label": "Inheritance / estate tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "PIT 10% on some transfers", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National Assembly of Vietnam — Official Gazette, Government Office", "source_url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-109-2025-qh15-468671.htm", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "prop", "label": "Foreign property ownership", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Apartment 50-yr (no land)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "indicative", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "minAge", "label": "Minimum age", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "— no retiree visa exists (Jul 2026)", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "taxResDays", "label": "Tax-residency threshold", "group": "Tax", "text": "183 days — or leasing a home ≥183 days deems resident", "value": 183, "unit": "days", "as_of": "2026-08", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 1, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National Assembly of Vietnam — Official Gazette, Government Office", "source_url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-109-2025-qh15-468671.htm", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "citPath", "label": "Path to citizenship", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "5 yrs on paper; renounce (2025 exceptions) — rare", "value": 5, "unit": "years", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "deposit", "label": "Deposit / bond required", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "None; investor TRC needs ≥VND 3B (~$115k) real business", "value": 115000, "unit": "USD", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "setupCost", "label": "Cost to establish residency", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "E-visa ~$300–600/yr + border runs", "value": 300, "unit": "USD/yr", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "propTax", "label": "Annual property tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "None annual — tiny land-use levy", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National Assembly of Vietnam — Official Gazette, Government Office", "source_url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-109-2025-qh15-468671.htm", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "cgt", "label": "Capital gains tax", "group": "Tax", "text": "0.1% of proceeds (securities) / 20% other gains", "value": 0.1, "unit": "%", "as_of": "2026-08", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 1, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National Assembly of Vietnam — Official Gazette, Government Office", "source_url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-109-2025-qh15-468671.htm", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "procTime", "label": "Visa processing time", "group": "Visa & Residency", "text": "90-day e-visa: 3–5 working days", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 6, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "heirship", "label": "Forced-heirship rules", "group": "Finance & Property", "text": "Will OK but spouse/minors/parents keep 2/3 statutory floor", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 24, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "National civil and property code", "source_url": "", "source_kind": "secondary" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "insReq", "label": "Health insurance required", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No — none for e-visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "renew", "label": "Visa renewal ease", "group": "Logistics", "text": "Perpetual 90-day cycles + border runs — the burden IS the system", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" }, { "country": "Vietnam", "country_slug": "vietnam", "field": "deps", "label": "Provision for dependents", "group": "Logistics", "text": "No scheme — each adult needs own visa", "value": null, "unit": "", "as_of": "2026-07", "status": "fresh", "age_months": 2, "sla_months": 3, "confidence": "solid", "source_publisher": "Vietnam Immigration Department, Ministry of Public Security", "source_url": "https://xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn/en/tin-tuc/procedures-temporary-residence-cards-foreigners-vietnam-immigration-department-ministry", "source_kind": "official" } ], "cities": [ { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "city": "Boquete", "city_slug": "boquete", "monthly_budget": "$1,400–1,900", "monthly_rent": "$500–900", "budget_mid_usd": 1650, "rent_mid_usd": 700, "rent_share_pct": 42, "country_headline_usd": 2100, "gap_vs_country_pct": -21, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/panama/boquete" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "city": "Coronado", "city_slug": "coronado", "monthly_budget": "$1,800–2,500", "monthly_rent": "$550–900", "budget_mid_usd": 2150, "rent_mid_usd": 725, "rent_share_pct": 34, "country_headline_usd": 2100, "gap_vs_country_pct": 2, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/panama/coronado" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "city": "Panama City", "city_slug": "panama-city", "monthly_budget": "$2,000–2,800", "monthly_rent": "$800–1,300", "budget_mid_usd": 2400, "rent_mid_usd": 1050, "rent_share_pct": 44, "country_headline_usd": 2100, "gap_vs_country_pct": 14, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/panama/panama-city" }, { "country": "Panama", "country_slug": "panama", "city": "David", "city_slug": "david", "monthly_budget": "$1,100–1,600 — ESTIMATE", "monthly_rent": "$350–600 — ESTIMATE", "budget_mid_usd": 1350, "rent_mid_usd": 475, "rent_share_pct": 35, "country_headline_usd": 2100, "gap_vs_country_pct": -36, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/panama/david" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "city": "Penang / George Town", "city_slug": "penang-george-town", "monthly_budget": "$1,100–1,700", "monthly_rent": "$320–650", "budget_mid_usd": 1400, "rent_mid_usd": 485, "rent_share_pct": 35, "country_headline_usd": 1900, "gap_vs_country_pct": -26, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malaysia/penang-george-town" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "city": "Kuala Lumpur", "city_slug": "kuala-lumpur", "monthly_budget": "$1,300–2,000", "monthly_rent": "$450–1,000", "budget_mid_usd": 1650, "rent_mid_usd": 725, "rent_share_pct": 44, "country_headline_usd": 1900, "gap_vs_country_pct": -13, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malaysia/kuala-lumpur" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "city": "Ipoh", "city_slug": "ipoh", "monthly_budget": "$900–1,400", "monthly_rent": "$280–450", "budget_mid_usd": 1150, "rent_mid_usd": 365, "rent_share_pct": 32, "country_headline_usd": 1900, "gap_vs_country_pct": -39, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malaysia/ipoh" }, { "country": "Malaysia", "country_slug": "malaysia", "city": "Kota Kinabalu", "city_slug": "kota-kinabalu", "monthly_budget": "$1,000–1,500", "monthly_rent": "$300–550", "budget_mid_usd": 1250, "rent_mid_usd": 425, "rent_share_pct": 34, "country_headline_usd": 1900, "gap_vs_country_pct": -34, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malaysia/kota-kinabalu" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "city": "Chiang Mai", "city_slug": "chiang-mai", "monthly_budget": "$1,200–1,900/mo", "monthly_rent": "$350–700", "budget_mid_usd": 1550, "rent_mid_usd": 525, "rent_share_pct": 34, "country_headline_usd": 1800, "gap_vs_country_pct": -14, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/thailand/chiang-mai" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "city": "Hua Hin", "city_slug": "hua-hin", "monthly_budget": "$1,500–2,400/mo", "monthly_rent": "$400–700", "budget_mid_usd": 1950, "rent_mid_usd": 550, "rent_share_pct": 28, "country_headline_usd": 1800, "gap_vs_country_pct": 8, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/thailand/hua-hin" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "city": "Bangkok", "city_slug": "bangkok", "monthly_budget": "$1,400–2,200/mo", "monthly_rent": "$550–1,200", "budget_mid_usd": 1800, "rent_mid_usd": 875, "rent_share_pct": 49, "country_headline_usd": 1800, "gap_vs_country_pct": 0, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/thailand/bangkok" }, { "country": "Thailand", "country_slug": "thailand", "city": "Phuket", "city_slug": "phuket", "monthly_budget": "$1,500–2,200/mo", "monthly_rent": "$500–850", "budget_mid_usd": 1850, "rent_mid_usd": 675, "rent_share_pct": 36, "country_headline_usd": 1800, "gap_vs_country_pct": 3, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/thailand/phuket" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "city": "Paphos", "city_slug": "paphos", "monthly_budget": "$1,700–2,300", "monthly_rent": "$540–870 (€500–800)", "budget_mid_usd": 2000, "rent_mid_usd": 705, "rent_share_pct": 35, "country_headline_usd": 2200, "gap_vs_country_pct": -9, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/cyprus/paphos" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "city": "Limassol", "city_slug": "limassol", "monthly_budget": "$2,700–3,500", "monthly_rent": "$970–1,400 (€900–1,300)", "budget_mid_usd": 3100, "rent_mid_usd": 1185, "rent_share_pct": 38, "country_headline_usd": 2200, "gap_vs_country_pct": 41, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/cyprus/limassol" }, { "country": "Cyprus", "country_slug": "cyprus", "city": "Larnaca", "city_slug": "larnaca", "monthly_budget": "$1,800–2,400", "monthly_rent": "$600–920 (€550–850)", "budget_mid_usd": 2100, "rent_mid_usd": 760, "rent_share_pct": 36, "country_headline_usd": 2200, "gap_vs_country_pct": -5, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/cyprus/larnaca" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "city": "Lisbon & Cascais", "city_slug": "lisbon-cascais", "monthly_budget": "$2,500–3,800", "monthly_rent": "$1,300–2,200 (€1,200–2,000)", "budget_mid_usd": 3150, "rent_mid_usd": 1750, "rent_share_pct": 56, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": 21, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/portugal/lisbon-cascais" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "city": "Algarve (Lagos / Tavira)", "city_slug": "algarve", "monthly_budget": "$2,000–2,900", "monthly_rent": "$900–1,400 (€800–1,300)", "budget_mid_usd": 2450, "rent_mid_usd": 1150, "rent_share_pct": 47, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": -6, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/portugal/algarve" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "city": "Porto", "city_slug": "porto", "monthly_budget": "$1,900–2,700", "monthly_rent": "$850–1,150 (€800–1,000)", "budget_mid_usd": 2300, "rent_mid_usd": 1000, "rent_share_pct": 43, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": -12, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/portugal/porto" }, { "country": "Portugal", "country_slug": "portugal", "city": "Madeira (Funchal)", "city_slug": "madeira", "monthly_budget": "$1,900–2,700", "monthly_rent": "$850–1,250 (€750–1,100)", "budget_mid_usd": 2300, "rent_mid_usd": 1050, "rent_share_pct": 46, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": -12, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/portugal/madeira" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "city": "Sliema / St Julian's", "city_slug": "sliema-st-julians", "monthly_budget": "$2,700–3,500", "monthly_rent": "$1,200–1,650 (€1,100–1,500)", "budget_mid_usd": 3100, "rent_mid_usd": 1425, "rent_share_pct": 46, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": 19, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malta/sliema-st-julians" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "city": "Valletta & the Three Cities", "city_slug": "valletta-the-three-cities", "monthly_budget": "$2,300–3,000", "monthly_rent": "$870–1,300 (€800–1,200) — ESTIMATE", "budget_mid_usd": 2650, "rent_mid_usd": 1085, "rent_share_pct": 41, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": 2, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malta/valletta-the-three-cities" }, { "country": "Malta", "country_slug": "malta", "city": "Gozo", "city_slug": "gozo", "monthly_budget": "$1,700–2,300", "monthly_rent": "$540–820 (€500–750)", "budget_mid_usd": 2000, "rent_mid_usd": 680, "rent_share_pct": 34, "country_headline_usd": 2600, "gap_vs_country_pct": -23, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/malta/gozo" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "city": "Atenas", "city_slug": "atenas", "monthly_budget": "$1,600–2,200", "monthly_rent": "$500–800", "budget_mid_usd": 1900, "rent_mid_usd": 650, "rent_share_pct": 34, "country_headline_usd": 2000, "gap_vs_country_pct": -5, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/costa-rica/atenas" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "city": "Grecia", "city_slug": "grecia", "monthly_budget": "$1,500–2,000", "monthly_rent": "$450–700 — ESTIMATE", "budget_mid_usd": 1750, "rent_mid_usd": 575, "rent_share_pct": 33, "country_headline_usd": 2000, "gap_vs_country_pct": -12, "url": "https://thonretire.com/retire/costa-rica/grecia" }, { "country": "Costa Rica", "country_slug": "costa-rica", "city": "Escazu / Santa Ana", "city_slug": "escazu-santa-ana", "monthly_budget": "$2,200–3,000", "monthly_rent": "$900–1,400", "budget_mid_usd": 2600, "rent_mid_usd": 1150, "rent_share_pct": 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